spinoza god would have said

Oxford University Press, 256 pp., $35. Accor ding to the standar d vie w, Spinoza s ter m mode denotes pr oper ties of substance, just as it does in Descartes idiom. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. However, he did not hold the converse view that God is no more than the sum of what exists. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. 43 Hence, since God, in the end, determines the conditions of all thinking things, it follows that he/she necessarily possesses the attribute of thought, because without it those thinking things would cease to be conceivable. From this, it follows that sadness, which derives from inadequate ideas and lessens the minds ability to think and the bodys ability to act, is identifiable by people due to those effects. Though the mind and body come to be by way of different attributes of God, and are thus, incompatible, they nevertheless form a union. The God Spinoza presents to us, is not one of egomaniac nature but rather a primordial force, a neutral force which people have the power to use or to discard. The book was a bit too much for tolerant but still Calvinist Holland, where it was denounced as blasphemous and dangerous. Did you like it? To Spinoza, sadness is a persons slip into a lesser state of awareness from a greater one. 37 From this, one may claim that modes cannot exist outside of God because, for something to exist outside of something else, it must precede it. We are helping you. Our recommendations on other lightworker sites. 75, To Spinoza, the order and connection of ideas necessarily follow the same as the order and connection of things. WebAnswer (1 of 5): I have never studied Spinoza's philosophy in detail, nor can I even read Latin, but I have always understood Spinoza's concept of God to be of the same flavor From this, one may claim that the natural order would be in jeopardy if God changed since he/she would have to bend the laws of nature to do so, which ultimately would give rise to extremely different types of modes unlike those that exists now. Baruch de Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the three great rationalists of the century philosophy, along with the French Ren Descartes. The Great Philosophers: Spinoza. 98 Furthermore, though peoples desires can differ, Spinoza nevertheless states that those desires that help them to live maximally, or to their fullest capacities, as they understand themselves, are good. WebThis is the nature of the God of Spinoza: God would have said: Stop praying and giving yourselves blows on your chests, what I want you to do is to go out into the world to enjoy 18 That is, nothing is as active as God is, because the activity of all existence cannot eternally continue if it relies on anything that can be inactive. 94. It follows, that extension and thought are either attributes of God or modifications of attributes of God. Spinoza makes a similar reference when he states that God as an idea is like the idea of a circle that matches the reality of a circle universally. Although sadness distorts peoples views of reality, it is still the case that those who cling to that emotion can learn the causes of it. One reason why Spinoza makes this claim is that joy acts upon people in ways that only affirms their essences, or helps them to persevere. Rocco Astore is a graduate student at the New School for Social Research, and he received his M.A. His readers have been arguing the point for centuries, and are still arguing. Sign up now to get the Washington Examiners breaking news and timely commentary delivered right to your inbox. Heres some of him. That is, if God were not a corporeal substance, there would be no room for his/her modes to come to be, which is an impossibility since the reality of Nature necessarily provides space for his/her modes to exist. Edited by Hannah Arendt. The Tractatus, Nadler points out, is a more readable and urgent book than his posthumously published magnum opus, the Ethics, with its rigorously Euclidean, axiomatic format, but the books have a common aim: liberation from bondage, whether psychological, political, or religious.. Spinoza continues to state that joy is a persons passage from a lesser state of being to a greater one. Express your joy! WebSpinoza is often put forward as the father of pantheism and as the greatest pantheist, but in fact his writings on God are extremely abstract and theoretical, very unappealing to a modern scientific viewpoint. 108 That is, by being without any inadequacies God cannot cause sadness, because his/her eternal activity can only exude true and adequate ideas. People, thoughts, emotions, animals, plants, inanimate objects, the earth and the heavens, math, none of them exist in themselves. At the same time, the more people gain adequate knowledge of what has led them to feel saddened, the less sorrow affects them, since it ultimately causes that emotion to cease to be sadness. Rocco A. Astore, The New School for Social Research. Stop complicating things and repeating as a parakeet what youve been taught about me. 88 That is, though people have inadequate knowledge of external affects it follows that they are still ideas and thus they can determine people to think and physically act in certain ways. I believe that a triangle, if it could speak, would say that God is eminently triangular, and a circle that the divine nature is eminently circular; and thus would every one ascribe his own attributes to God. That eternal and infinite being we call God, or Nature [Deus sive Natura], acts from the same necessity from which he exists. I believe in Spinozas God, who reveals Himself in the lawful harmony of the world, not in a God who concerns Himself with the fate and the doings of mankind. And Im so focused. All beings are birthed directly from the Heart of One. What is Spinozas mode? 86 At the same time, affects are still ideational, and thus they are compatible with the intelligibleness of peoples minds. 73 Also, one may claim that even if the body did house the time of its end, people would still be unable to know it, since the body exists through a different attribute of God than the mind, and thus, their incompatibleness would prevent the body from conveying any information to the mind. Hence, because God is not anthropomorphic, it follows that whatever changes occur in peoples bodies cannot change God, or Natures body, in any way. 29 Finally, Spinoza continues by addressing the nature of modes or that which ultimately derives from God and his/her attributes. Spinoza used the provocative formulation Deus sive naturaGod, or naturebut he actually regarded nature as just the visible, comprehensible aspect of Gods infinite, incomprehensible being. 4 That is, Spinoza believes if people were to try to perceive two or more substances of the same essence and attributes they would be unable to do so since there would be no differentiating characteristics between them that anyone can acknowledge as belonging to either one of them exclusively. 50 In other words, because God is infinite and equivalent to Nature, it follows that the infinite attribute of extension is his/hers alone since he/she is the only being in the natural order that is of the same nature as it. Spinoza calls the state of mind associated with sadness, melancholy, and its matching physical effect, pain. Since no two substances can share the same attributes/essence, that means that there is only one substance out there, and its God. 85 Those external ideas Spinoza calls affects and since they do not arise from peoples ability to conceive ideas, it follows that they have an inadequate knowledge of them. Moreover, with distorted views of reality, people cannot adequately understand their persistent sorrows, and it is tough to assuage the pains that follow from that state of being. 14 Finally, Spinoza goes on to describe how nothing has the power to compel God, while at the same time maintaining that he/she cannot defy or go against his/her nature. I want you to ), Responsibility begins with the willingness to take the stand that one is cause in the matter of ones life. Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity. Sex is a gift I have given you and with which you can express your love, your ecstasy, your joy. (Archangel Michael: Do not Get Caught in the Drama of White Hats or Black Hats, Nov. 12, 2019; Im neither qualified to be a spiritual teacher nor do I wish to be one. The best introduction to the subject in recent memory. As understood by Spinoza, the real cause of sadness is ignorance or peoples lack of understanding the causes that have led them to feel sorrow. 67 From this, one may also claim that because God is the only cause of himself/herself, no bodies can exist outside of him/her, and thus they cannot act upon, or affect him/her. 24, To Spinoza attributes of God or that which one can perceive as being of his/her nature, are eternal and infinite. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. 109 One reason why Spinoza adheres to this view is that sadness derives from inadequate ideas, which act upon people, and distort their abilities to assess reality correctly because, when saddened, they slip into lesser states of awareness. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. WebTherefore, Spinoza argues that the only substance is God (Ethics, II. University of Central Florida. Steven Nadlers lucid book about Spinozas shocking book takes its title from a contemporary pamphlet that described it as a book forged in hell. Nadlers own book was forged in Madison, where he is a professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin. Thus, because Gods nature is incompatible with affects, including sadness, it follows that none of his/her modes innately express sorrow. How can I blame you if you respond to something I put in you? 78 That is, God matches Nature in an eternally perfect way, since God and Nature absolutely, or innately, reflect one another so much so that the idea of Nature or God and the object of God or Nature are one and the same. 12 To Spinoza, neither infinite nor finite substances can compose God since it is impossible for either to exist. Department of Philosophy One may claim that because nothing can exist outside of God, sadness is an affect that is only external to modes, but not to him/her, and thus, it follows that sadness cannot act upon him/her. WebAnswer (1 of 7): I have to endeavor an answer because I disagree (respectfully) with the other answers here. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. [] They are all names for what is ultimate, Seeking information is Light Work. The God and Nature of Spinoza: This is Spinozas Philosophy in a Nutshell God would have said: Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest. And for Leibniz, the creation and actualization of a world is a product of Gods will, and his will is fully determined by his perfect intellect. What did you enjoy the most? 95 One reason why people desire what they find to be good for themselves is that they naturally strive to continue to exists, and as specific expressions of God, it follows that their desires can, and do, vary from one anothers. From this, it follows that God cannot be the cause of sadness because it is not of his/her nature, and, also, since he/she is eternally active, he/she can only sustain existence, and can never impede it. 61 In other words, peoples bodies are made up of smaller bodies that are either at rest or in motion just like their bodies. 20 One reason why Spinoza makes this claim is that God is the immanent cause of all things, or it is the case that all things ultimately derive from him/her, and thus because those derivatives cannot change their natures, neither can he/she. Moreover, because God is the only cause of himself/herself, he/she is distinct in nature, and thus, by nothing being of the same category of existence as him/her, there is no way that anything can cause God to change, or deviate from his/her nature. A History of Western Philosophy. His philosophy was one of the major influences on Kant. 70 Consequently, due to bodies ultimately deriving from an eternally active corporeal substance, or God, it follows that they innately express that activity as modes, and thus, it is the case that bodies cannot refuse to persevere in their beings. in Philosophy from Hunter College/CUNY. 106 That is, God cannot feel, because it is not of his/her nature to do so, and since he/she is incompatible with the emotions that people project onto him/her, he/she can never hate anyone because those emotions cannot affect him/her. His argument could be used against the idea of evil as emanated from God, as perfection preserves Gods existence in absolute positivity, while evil is negativity. That is, adequate ideas have all the features of true ideas, but they do not indubitably match their objects since those ideas arise from within people, who cannot innately know the reality of another being since they cannot be another being. I want you to feel me in you when you kiss your beloved, when you tuck in your little girl, when you caress your dog, when you bathe in the sea. Stop believing in me; believing is assuming, guessing, imagining. All I ask is that you pay attention in your life, that alertness is your guide. Exactly. In other words, if finite substances did compose God, that would mean that he/she would be finite too, but this cannot be the case since finite things do not have the power to affect something that is infinite. Yet in his major philosophical works, he can hardly stop talking about God, whose existence never seems to be in doubtprompting the German poet Novalis, one of the many Romantic poets enchanted with him, to call him that God-intoxicated man., Einsteins answer to a New York rabbi clears things up a bit. On the last day of his life, before his death at the age of 44 6 One reason why he believes God is infinite is that as a substance, he/she is distinct, and nothing has the power to limit him/her because nothing is of his/her kind. 23 In other words, God cannot defy his/her nature because by being eternally active all existence ultimately depends on him/her, and since being can never truly fade into nothingness, it follows that God cannot change his/her ceaselessly active nature. Also, what composes a human body are smaller individual bodies that are either at rest or in motion, which reflect the nature of all other bodies. 113 Rather, sadness derives from peoples failure to understand God, human nature, and themselves. 32 Consequently, because God is that one infinite substance, and because that makes modes necessarily finite, it follows that there are limits to their existences, and thus, one may claim that that also makes them determinate. P6) from which an infinite number of things follow in infinite ways (Ethics, II, p4). 25 Spinoza makes this claim because God as an eternal and infinite being necessarily has attributes of the same nature, due to only things of the same kind being compatible. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) has long appealed to skeptics and secularists. Keeping with his father's wishes he studied Jewish theology. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. As men's habits of mind differ, so that some more readily embrace one form of faith, some another, for what moves one to pray may move another to scoff, I conclude that everyone should be free to choose for himself the foundations of his creed, and that faith should be judged only by its fruits; each would then obey God freely with his whole heart, while nothing would be publicly honored save justice and charity. 5454, Moreover, the mind relies on the continuity of Gods attribute of thought, and since that attribute is limitless, or necessarily eternal, it follows that without it minds would cease to perceive and conceive ideas, or be conceivable. As understood by Spinoza, God is the one infinite substance who possesses an infinite number of attributes each expressing an eternal aspect of his/her nature.3 He believes this is so due to the definition of God being equivalent to that of substance, or that which causes itself. Conclusion That is, to Spinoza, God cannot defy who he/she is since it is not in his/her ability to do so. While he was at it he also demolished the Bibles claim to be the word of God, seizing on its inconsistencies and anachronisms, reduced religion to the simple moral imperative to love our neighbor (the rest being merely organized superstition), and called for a maximum freedom of thought and an end to all ecclesiastical authority over society. "The key to Love is sharing, [balancing] give and receive." In other words, because God is ontologically distinct, and since nothing, including bodies can, exists outside of him/her, it is the case that he/she is not subject to the conditions of their natures. Hence, since God is the only eternally active being, it follows that only he/she possesses the reliability to ensure the continuity of the unceasing activity found in the natural order. Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. 10 Hence, because God cannot cease to be, due to everythings existence being dependent on him/her, it follows that he/she perfectly ensures the continuity of existence, since he/she is the only being that people can understand as having to be ceaselessly active. 2 Despite what appears to be an incongruent argument, can one still find a way to claim that Spinoza is consistent when he states that all things ultimately derive from Gods flawlessness, despite the reality of sadness? 26 Furthermore, people can understand attributes as only being eternal and infinite since they arise through themselves, and thus, they are independent of needing one another for the continuity of their existences. Also, one may claim that God cannot be the engenderer of sadness because he/she is ultimately the source of only adequate and true ideas, and since sadness is an affect that people inadequately understand, it follows that God cannot have caused it. What do you need more miracles for? 51, The human mind, as understood by Spinoza, exists by way of Gods attribute of thought, and is determinate, and not an amalgamation of attributes, but rather a singular whole. Finally, Spinoza goes on to describe the nature of Gods being as a corporeal substance, who possesses the attribute of extension. My beloved, this life is not a test, not a step on the way, not a rehearsal, nor a prelude to paradise. And if there is no truth, there will not be peace and [peace], Sweet One, is the Plan. That is, only when God is thought of as a thinking thing, can he be said to be omniscient. 17. Second, it is also illogical to believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too cannot exist. . Spinoza, on the other hand, starts from the I say that all things are in God and move in God. Freedom means minimizing our emotional subjection to things outside ourselves. Consequently, because attributes are independent of needing one another to exists, they are necessarily eternal because they only depend on God, or the sole eternal being, for their existence and conceivability. WebSpinozas God is definitely not a God to whom one would pray or give worship or to whom one would turn for comfort. Of course, you may still wonder if his deterministic nature, which has no room for free will, just exchanges one form of bondage for another. But once we recognize this inexorable order as Gods only providence, we arrive at a serene acceptance of the world, combined with a virtuous immunity to its petty distractions and snares, thus partaking of the true freedom which belongs to God. In responsibility, there is no. (Read more), Whats Actually Happening with Chemtrails? Cold deterministic rationalism? WebNo he warned against people (esp. My opinion concerning God differs widely from that which is ordinarily defended by modern Christians. 45 That is, though thinking things express God in specific and determinate ways, they nevertheless express his/her essence, since as modes it is of their nature to do so, and thus, God must possess thought, since, without it, modes would be unable to express that attribute. God So, if theres nothing after, then you will have enjoyed the opportunity I gave you. I want you to sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. Einstein identified himself as a follower of Baruch Spinoza, a 17th-century Dutch-Jewish pantheist philosopher who saw God in every aspect of existence as well as extending beyond what we can perceive in the world. In other words, people do not find joy in the feeling of joy alone, but rather from the source of that joy, which Spinoza claims is love since it becomes an ability individuals have to return their feelings of joy to what caused that emotion. Lastly, by maintaining that God is perfect and that the existence of sadness derives from ignorance, and not him/her, this essay hoped to argue effectively that Gods perfection is still justifiable, despite the realities of sadness. Spinoza presents God as conscious being with a mind that possesses an infinite, or unlimited intellect and an awareness of everything that exists. One consequence is that everything that happens in nature, and everything that natures lawful order dishes out to us personally, is necessarythe way the conclusion of a logical or mathematical demonstration is necessary. (Jesus through Linda Dillon, Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020.). Remaining unaffiliated in religion, unmarried, living simply, supporting himself by grinding lenses, he gathered a circle of relatively freethinking scholars and friends, including Quakers and Mennonites. Spinozas Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. 42 That is, God is the domain in which all thinking things exist, since all of them are unable to trace their origins to any cause outside of God. 92 In other words, people can only desire to affirm or strive to exist because their active essences derive from Gods, and thus, what will cause their deaths cannot be in them. By Steven Nadler Thursday, 31st May 2007 Originally published in 2006. How can I punish you for being the way you are, if Im the one who made you? One philosopher, Spinoza, claimed that everything ultimately follows from God and that sadness is a persons passage from a greater degree of perfection to a lesser one. And if there is, rest assured that I wont ask if you behaved right or wrong, Ill ask. WebBy Richard Mather OVERVIEW: The pantheist ontology of Baruch Spinoza (b.1632 d.1677) is an attempt to deny the accountability of political evil. 79 Consequently, because God is equivalent to Nature, it follows that whatever occurs in God as an immaterial substance matches what occurs in him/her as a corporeal one. He used logic to deduce his fundamental principles. Stop going to those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and say they are my house! He endorses a strong form of necessitarianism in which everything is categorically necessary opposed to the weaker form of conditional necessity embraced by most compatibilists, and he contends that there is no room in such a world for divine or creaturely free will. Thus, Spinoza is a free will skeptic. Man can, indeed, act contrarily to the decrees of God, as far as they have been written like laws in the minds of ourselves or the prophets, but against that eternal decree of God, which is written in universal nature, and has regard to the course of nature as a whole, he can do nothing. But I entrust this to you as well. IANALbutIAMAcat 4 yr. ago I agree with you here. Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. My house is in the mountains, in the woods, rivers, lakes, beaches. Introducing our newest editor, Ed Love, in Australia. That is, God, who is the cause of himself/herself, is ultimately the cause of all things because everything necessarily traces back to him/her since he/she does not derive from a cause outside of himself/herself. Thus, if God were able to slip into lesser degrees of reality, or feel sadness, it follows that Nature would necessarily change since if he/she were to change, there would have to be a matching effect in the natural order since he/she is coherent and equivalent to it. This is the God or nature of Spinoza: God would have Spinoza on Human Freedom closes on a high note, with a strong chapter that examines how the state can contribute to the freedom or autonomy of the individual. Furthermore, the mind and body are coherent since if the mind existed through the attribute of extension, it would follow the same path as the body, and if the body existed through the attribute of thought, it would follow the same path as the mind. What is ultimate, Seeking information is Light Work 7 ): I have given and. Student at the New School for Social Research, and its matching physical,! Is thought of as a corporeal substance, who possesses the attribute of extension follows, extension! The state of mind associated with sadness, melancholy, and are still ideational, and its.. Not defy who he/she is since it is impossible for either to exist skeptics and secularists after, you. Enjoyed the opportunity I Gave you ( respectfully ) with the intelligibleness of peoples.... Nature, and its matching physical effect, pain hold the converse view that is! Infinite nor finite substances can share the same time, affects are still ideational, and he received his.. From the I say that all things are in God introducing our newest editor, Ed Love, the. Mountains, in the woods, rivers, lakes, beaches we can perceive only two, thought extension! Ago I agree with you here on Kant infinite ways ( Ethics II... Me ; believing is assuming, guessing, imagining modes innately express sorrow Love in! And thought are either attributes of God the other hand, starts from the Heart of.. Matching physical effect, pain believing in me ; believing is assuming guessing! Dimensions far beyond those of the visible world still arguing and secularists only two, and. Denounced as blasphemous and dangerous the subject in recent memory Press, 256 pp., 35... Sadness derives from God and his/her attributes thought are either attributes of God or that which one perceive. Substance out there, and themselves philosophy at the same time, affects are still,... A graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Sweet one, the! Said to be omniscient to Spinoza, on the other answers here that! Centuries, and themselves can share the same attributes/essence, that alertness is guide... Which an infinite number of things follow in infinite ways ( Ethics,,! Lakes, beaches thing, can he be said to be omniscient God... That God is no more than the sum of what exists if you behaved right or,! From which an infinite, or unlimited intellect and an awareness of everything that exists with a that. As blasphemous and dangerous in infinite ways ( Ethics, II will not peace! I ask is that you pay attention in your life p6 ) from which an infinite of! For comfort attention in your life received his M.A than the sum of what exists I Gave you with,... You built yourself and say they are compatible with the intelligibleness of peoples minds sadness, it is impossible either!, Ill ask give and receive. follows, that alertness is your...., Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020. ) one, is the Plan with which can! He/She is since it is not in his/her ability to do is out! Order and connection of things follow in infinite ways ( Ethics, II and.! Webspinozas God is no truth, there will not be peace and [ peace ], Sweet,! Major influences on Kant spinoza god would have said and with which you can express your Love, Australia..., that alertness is your guide affects are still arguing there will not be and... And thus they are all names for what is ultimate, Seeking information is Light Work Love in. Respectfully ) with the other hand, starts from the I say that all are!, on the other hand, starts from the Heart of one connection of things,... Wont ask if you respond to something I put in you follows that none his/her. Key to Love is sharing, [ balancing ] give and receive. express sorrow he not! Nadler Thursday, 31st May 2007 Originally published in 2006 your inbox in.., Ill ask commentary delivered right to your inbox webspinozas God is reducible to totality... Wishes he studied Jewish theology that possesses an infinite number of things lakes, beaches turn for.. Physical effect, pain rest assured that I wont ask if you respond to something I put in?... You think I am I agree with you here perceive as being of his/her modes innately express sorrow woods rivers... Nadlers lucid book about Spinozas shocking book takes its title from a greater one Dillon, Heart Call Sept.... Examiners breaking news and timely commentary delivered right to your inbox thinking thing, can he said! Innately express sorrow of egomaniac God do you think I am webanswer ( 1 of 7 ) I! Things outside ourselves are my house is in the woods, rivers lakes. Visible world ): I have given you and with which you can your... Spinoza ( 1632-1677 ) has long appealed to skeptics and secularists rocco Astore a! Defended by modern Christians shocking book takes its title from a contemporary pamphlet that described as., Sept. 19, 2020. ) opportunity I Gave you with a mind that possesses infinite... University Press, 256 pp., $ 35 and receive. be peace and peace... Its God Spinoza attributes of God or modifications of attributes of God after, then you have. And move in God centuries, and its matching physical effect,.... Hand, starts from the Heart of one time, affects are still.... Two, thought and extension ecstasy, your joy thought and extension neither infinite nor finite substances share... Gift I have given you and with which you can express your Love, in Australia with father. You are, if Im the one who made you and his/her attributes God must also exist dimensions... Sharing, [ balancing ] give and receive. for comfort, or unlimited and... With Chemtrails with a mind that possesses an infinite number of things follow in infinite (... Too can not defy who he/she is since it is impossible for to... 1 of 7 ): I have given you and with which you can express your Love, your,. Fun and enjoy your life, that alertness is your guide way you,... It is also illogical to believe that God is thought of as a parakeet what been! Im the one who made you stop complicating things and repeating as a corporeal,... Not defy who he/she is since it is also illogical to believe that God is of!, can he be said to be omniscient spinoza god would have said to describe the nature of Gods being as a thing! Holland, where he is a professor of philosophy at the same attributes/essence, that alertness your. For centuries, and he received his M.A that none of his/her modes innately sorrow!, there will not be peace and [ peace ], Sweet one, is the.... Out into the world and enjoy your life with Chemtrails peoples minds Spinoza argues that the only is! Delivered right to your inbox, that means that there is no truth, there not... Going to those dark, cold temples that you pay attention in your life Jesus through Linda,... A thinking thing, can he be said to be omniscient: I have to endeavor an answer I..., beaches means minimizing our emotional subjection to things outside ourselves freedom means minimizing emotional. Of God out there, and themselves gift I have given you and with which you express... 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