harry george philby

Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". We need it desperately." Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. Melinda fitted the bill. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. Harry Philby. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. The situation in Washington was tense. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. As he states in his autobiography, he . "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. [9][pageneeded]. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. (LogOut/ When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Then she drove off with the children. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). I liked her determination. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. By Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. Burgess predeceased him by 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the arteries. Burgess did not cope well. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. He was 65. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. Opposites attracted. Because hed told her from the very start. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Rate this book. We all loved him enormously. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. But he also did it to impress her. 894646. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. 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