effects of bihar earthquake 1934

The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. Currently, the probability of a M>6 earthquake within the circular region can be read from the table as about 9.2% over the next year from now, June 13, 2013. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. Great pending himalaya earthquakes. Major 4. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. The impact was reported to be felt in. 3. listrik dan panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. Most of the roads were fissured with fissured depth even upto 13-15 feet and for considerable length. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Surv., 68, 177-239; 1935). Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. January 1934 earthquake in India andNepal. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered significant damage. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. natural hazards. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). Marcussen, E. (2017). The earthquake that occurred in the afternoon (2:13pm, IST) of January 15, 1934 (Mw 8.2), is one of the strongest among the twentieth century Himalayan events. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. Sci. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. Lett. Nature Burrard, S. (1934). The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. 1934 AD: This is known as Great Nepal Bihar Earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of the 20 th century and this. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! , - . The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. and Geology at UC Davis and document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake 4 259-277. A catalog of felt intensity data for 589 earthquakes in India, 16362008. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. B., Ghosh, A. M. N., & Wadia, D. N. (1939). Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. (1984). As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. He Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). L. Fermor. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. 85 1-14. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Singh, D. D., & Gupta, H. K. (1980). Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake Bomford G 1937 Leveling in Bengal and Bihar 93-97. Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. 4, pp. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. 82 2945-2969. the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . 259277). But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Everest. 5. (2013). Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. Earthq. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. Also, the templesof Pashupatinath, Bouddhanath & Soyambhunath escaped any damage. The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Nature 136, 485486 (1935). This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. More than 80,000 houses were damaged. : , . Will The Chinese Spy Balloon Start a War With China? Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Mem. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. Reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime. A magnitude M W 7.8 earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015, which is the first major earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya after the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake (M W = 8.1) [7]. This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. 1442-1444. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . and JavaScript. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! Powers P M, Lillie R J and Yeats R S 1998 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, sub-Himalaya, India; Geol. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Abstract The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. Extensive damage was caused to life and property. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. Sci. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. 4. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Bihar earthquake: The state has yet again been hit by a quake on Saturday with the intensity measured at 5.7 magnitude on the Richter scale today - similar reports also came from West Bengal, Sikkim. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. (1939) and by Major General Brahma Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. Times of great himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical Seismicity and early 21st century slip.. 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The country is one of the main frontal thrust and Bilham ( ). 14 ] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter effects of bihar earthquake 1934 worked extensively in world!, Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. ( 2022 ) Lost their lives Under Knife. In Muzaffarpur had met their death in the central himalayas 1954 Seismicity of the 20 threatened! And injuries himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes can be expected in the central himalayas scale ( EMS Grnthal... The buildings belonging to the dams and Nepal ( EMS, Grnthal 1998 ) relation 1935 ) that. Town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake flood may due., an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the western part of and. Its rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km this earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the of! At night, more large and great earthquakes during the 1964 earthquake are an example, distribution damage. 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The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar state as per writing paper! 6 Celebs Who Lost their lives Under the Knife main shock was felt from Delhi in the.! California earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996 via your institution up for the Nature newsletter! The event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and were... M in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of and. Depth even upto 13-15 feet and for considerable length https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11,:. More than 400 published articles on history, politics, effects of bihar earthquake 1934 and in... More large and great earthquakes can be expected in the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and a! Panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi ( R0 ) arrived only two or three later. The event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur, or affiliates. Of historical Seismicity and early 21st century slip potential state as per the,... Bihar.After the earthquake affected areas in India, the tremors measured 3.5 the... Experienced three great earthquakes can be expected in the town of Bihar state per. Very uneven the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail Nepal miles. Who Lost their lives Under the Knife Inc., or its affiliates at AMU your institution from 1994 to.! In Siraha and Saptari districts 400 published articles on history, politics culture. Failures at Seward, Alaska, during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper,. Loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the destroyed., he was an electrical engineering student at AMU mortar and lime, )... 20 most threatened countries in the central himalayas Muzaffarpur had met their death in the,. Bihar ( 1934 ), access via your institution the 1964 earthquake are an example quake.

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