greased cartridges revolt of 1857

Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat. The campaign then settled down to British attempts to take Delhi and relieve Lucknow. With the British recovery of Gwalior (June 20, 1858), the revolt was virtually over. is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings [7] Several years before the sepoys' mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked several jagirs in western Bengal. Such measures were considered a valid negotiating tactic by the sepoys, likely to be repeated every time such issues arose. And yet its just as possible to see the bloody results of the mutual incomprehension between the British and native communities in India as a potent reminder that mistrust and panic can have serious consequences. However, in those two years, they were not ordered to use them. Following the disarming and disbandment of an additional seventeen Bengal Native Infantry regiments, which were suspected of planning mutiny, only twelve survived to serve in the new post-mutiny army. The breads formed, in short, what amounted to a culinary chain letter, one that was spreading with such spectacular rapidity that Thornhills boss, George Harvey, in Agra, calculated that a wave of chapatis was advancing across his province at a rate somewhere between 100 and 200 miles a night. ThoughtCo, Jul. The mutineers, on the other hand, lacked good leadership until nearly the end, and they had no confidence in themselves and suffered the guilt feelings of rebels without a cause, making them frantic and fearful by turns. The British officer Richard Barter wrote: Lotus flowers and bits of goats flesh, so it was rumoured, were being passed from hand to hand, as well as chupatties. The uprising was officially declared over on July 8, 1859. A few suggested that the chapatis might conceal seditious letters that were forwarded from village to village, read by the village chief, again crusted over with flour, and sent on in the shape of a chupatty, to be broken by the next recipient, but examination of the breads revealed no hidden messages. It is not surprising that one of the many subsidiary rumors that accompanied the chupatty movement was that the breads were being carried and distributed, the eventual trial of the King of Delhi noted, by the hands of the very lowest caste men that can be found; and the natives say that it is intended by Government to force or bribe the headmen to eat the bread, and thus loose their caste. Hence the consumption of food supplied by the British was, notes Tapti Roy, commonly considered as a token that they should likewise be compelled to embrace one faith, or, as they termed it, One food and one faith. . [2][3], Religious disquiet as the cause of rebellion underlies the work of historian William Dalrymple who asserts that the rebels were motivated primarily by resistance to the actions of the English East India Company(also called British East India Company), especially under James Broun-Ramsay reign, which were perceived as attempts to impose Christianity and Christian laws in India. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. The Revolt of 1857, an anti-colonial movement which fought against the imperialist policies of the British East India Company, is an important event that took place in Indian history. The Indian Mutiny of 1857-59 was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of British East India Company in India which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown. McNamara, Robert. KoboE. In the decade prior to the rebellion, the EEIC had imposed a "doctrine of lapse" (of Indian leadership succession), and the policy of "subsidiary alliance", both of which deprived many Indian rulers of their customary powers and privileges. [15], The varying stances of the British government, the reduction of allowances, and harsh punishments, contributed to a feeling amongst the troops that the Company no longer cared for them. Cookie Settings. The Revolt of 1857 began as a Mutiny of the Bengal Army sepoys, who throughout the course of the Revolt, proved themselves to be the most . In the event, the chapattis were not harbingers of a coming storm. They were what people made them into, and the significance attributed to them was a symptom of the pervasive distrust and general consternation amongst the Indian population during the early months of 1857. [12], There had been earlier indications that all was not well in the armies of the East India Company. Ferocity led to grave excesses on both sides, distinguishing this war in horror from other wars of the 19th century. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost Their Stomachs. [14], The pay of the sepoy was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab were annexed, the soldiers no longer received extra pay (batta or bhatta) if posted there, because this was no longer considered "foreign service". Advertising Notice Along with the previously mentioned illustration in Ballou's Pictorial, numerous American newspapers published accounts of the violence in India. Under a British policy called the "doctrine of lapse," the East India Company would take control of Indian states in which a local ruler had died without an heir. In an immediate sense, the revolt was a fight to safeguard religion but it was triggered by the issue of grease cartridges. Large numbers of native soldiers, known as sepoys, were employed by the company to maintain order and defend trading centers. British and Indian military drills of the time required soldiers to bite off the end of the Beeswax paper cartridge, pour the gunpowder contained within down the barrel, stuff the remaining paper cartridge into the barrel, ram the paper cartridge (which included the ball wrapped and tied in place) down the barrel, remove the ram-rod, return the ram-rod, bring the rifle to the ready, set the sights, add a percussion cap, present the rifle, and fire. Setting out from Allahabad, Sir Henry Havelock fought through Kanpur to the Lucknow residency on September 25, where he was besieged in turn. the Indian Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or the Indian Revolt of 1857. However, nearly every sepoy was either Muslima religion that forbids eating the fat or any other part of a pig, or Hinduwhere the same rule applies to cows. It is called the chupatty movement. . In 1885, however, the founding of the Indian National Congress marked the beginnings of effective, organized protest for national self-determination. A rumour spread that the cartridges of the new enfield rifles . B. By the 1850s the East India Company controlled much of India. The statement, if lacking in precision, may have been true as to the common information or belief in 1857, but at the present time there may probably be few readers of these pages who could explain thus, or with more exactitude, why a cartridge in those times had to be greased, and why or how, if greased, it required to be bitten. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/sepoy-mutiny-of-1857-1774014. The company had developed a military organization where, in theory, the fealty of the sepoys to the company was considered the height of "izzat" or honour, where the European officer replaced the village headman with benevolent figures of authority, and where regiments were mostly recruited from sepoys belonging to the same caste, and community. The British had accentuated caste consciousness by careful regulations, had allowed discipline to grow lax, and had failed to maintain understanding between British officers and their men. Greased Cartridges: It is believed to be one of the major causes behind the 1857 uprising. Fighting in some places continued well into 1858, but the British were ultimately able to establish control. The transfer of the number 66th which was taken away from a regular Bengal Sepoy regiment of the line disbanded over refusal to serve without batta, and given to a Gurkha battalion, was considered by the Sepoy as a breach of faith by the company. Though it is debatable whether the greased cartridges actually had cow and pig fat, the truth remains that from 1855 to 1857, the sepoys were told to carry the England-made cartridges, which surely had animal fat, to check whether they could resist Indian weather. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. [8], Unlike the Madras and Bombay Armies of the BEIC, which were far more diverse, the Bengal Army recruited its regular soldiers almost exclusively amongst the landowning Bhumihars and Rajputs of the Ganges Valley. His name has become synonymous with the revolt of 1857. Total loading time: 0 In one sense, this was not surprising; since India had a large and settled British population, there were more women and children around for the rebels to kill. The grotesque executions by cannon became even became widely known in America. The serving high-caste sepoys were fearful that this requirement would be eventually extended to them, violating observance of the kala pani prohibition on sea travel. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. The company had an unbroken series of victories in India, against the Marathas, Mysore, north Indian states, and the Gurkhas, later against the Sikhs, and further afield in China and Burma. Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who played an important role in incidents prior to the uprising of 1857, known by different names like the 'Indian Rebellion of 1857,' the 'Sepoy Mutiny' and 'India's First War of Independence.'. By the time the British came to examine the causes of the rebellion, therefore, the chupatty movement had assumed a fresh significance. Although the armies of many Rajas or states which rebelled contained large numbers of guns, the British superiority in artillery was to be decisive in the siege of Delhi after the arrival of a siege train of thirty-two howitzers and mortars. the Sepoy Mutiny (by British Historians) Prior to the period of British rule, any refusal to proceed on service until pay issues were resolved was considered a legitimate form of displaying grievance by Indian troops serving under Indian rulers. Dalhousie had also appointed Inam Commission with powers to confiscate land. Indian soldiers in the East India Company's armies believed they risked defilement because the new rounds were being issued greased with the fat of pigs and cowsuntrue, but sufficient to spark the most dangerous uprising against British imperial rule since the American Revolution. "The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857." Published online by Cambridge University Press: But those who did would not have been surprised by what happened next, for some very similar beliefs were spreading in the early months of 1857. This made them more accurate and gave them a longer range. To these points may be added the fact that the British garrison in Bengal had been reduced at this time to 23,000 men because of troop withdrawals for the Crimean and Persian wars. The first sepoy who rebelled by aiming his loaded weapon at a British officer was Mangal Pandey who was later executed.[25]. It began on a point of caste pollution; its leaders were traditionalists who looked to reviving the past, while the small new Westernized class actively supported the British. The general factors that turned a military mutiny into a popular revolt can be comprehensively described under the heading of political, economic, social, and cultural Westernization. Prior to the outbreak of the Revolt, Bahadur Shah Zafar lived in Delhi as a Pensioner of the British. One could say that the major causes of this revolt were the usage of cow fat to grease rifle cartridges, the British attempting to convert Sepoys to Christianity, and the British taking over the town of Oudh. At some point the chapattis passed beyond the limits of their meaningful transmission and simply continued through the country as a blank message. There was also a general feeling that English officers were losing touch with the Indian troops under them. To load the rifle, the end of the cartridge containing the powder had to be bitten off so that the charge would ignite. The immediate cause of military disaffection was the deployment of the new breech-loading Enfield rifle, the cartridge of which was purportedly greased with pork and beef fat. The cartridge was then rammed down the muzzle of the rifle.. The sepoys' British officers dismissed these claims as rumors and suggested that the sepoys make a batch of fresh cartridges, using a religiously acceptable greasing agent such as ghee or vegetable oil. Your Privacy Rights By a campaign in Avadh and Rohilkhand, Campbell cleared the countryside. A New Type of Rifle Cartridge Caused Problems, The Indian Revolt of 1857 Brought the End of the East India Company. A. Pandey, it should be noted, is considered a hero in India, and has been portrayed as a freedom fighter in films and even on an Indian postage stamp. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Many sepoys believed that the victory was the destruction of cartridges that were standard issue with the new rifle were greased with lard (pork fat) which was regarded as unclean by Muslims and tallow (cow fat) which angered the Hindus as cows were equal to a goddess to them. The quarter century following the bitter Indian revolt of 185759, though spanning a peak of British imperial power in India, ended with the birth of nationalist agitation against the raj (British rule). For instance, once the rebellion was underway, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar met the sepoys on 11 May 1857, he was told: "We have joined hands to protect our religion and our faith." Render date: 2023-03-01T21:49:14.745Z Proceedings of the Trial of Badahur Shah. In Accounts and Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859;William Wotherspoon Ireland. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. It was alluded to , and it was supposed to portend some coming disturbance, and was, moreover, understood as implying an invitation to the whole population of the country to unite for some secret objective afterwards to be disclosed. Though the revolt was suppressed later, it shook the foundation of British rule in India. Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat. Any British plans to reform Indian society, which had been one of the underlying causes of the revolt, were essentially set aside, and religious conversion of the Indian population was no longer viewed as a practical goal. Richard Barter. What are the oldest known civilizations of India? The sepoys rejected this, pointing out that they might very well forget and bite the cartridge, not surprising given the extensive drilling that allowed 19th century British and Indian troops to fire three to four rounds per minute. One of the first officials to encounter it was Mark Thornhill, magistrate in the little Indian town of Mathura, near Agra. Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat. There was thus a suppressed tension in the countryside, ready to break out whenever governmental pressure might be reduced. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Rumors spread with great rapidity before and during the mutinynot least because of the large number of British women and children at the mercy of the rebels in towns such as Delhi and Kanpur. Mangal Pandey, (born July 19, 1827, Akbarpur, Indiadied April 8, 1857, Barrackpore), Indian soldier whose attack on British officers on March 29, 1857, was the first major incident of what came to be known as the Indian, or Sepoy, Mutiny (in India the uprising is often called the First War of Independence or other similar names). All of the Bengal Native Cavalry regiments and 45 of the infantry units rebelled at some point. As John Kaye wrote a few years later: Among other wild fables, which took firm hold of the popular mind, was one to the effect that the Companys officers had collected all the newly-manufactured salt, had divided it into two great heaps, and over one had sprinkled the blood of hogs, and over the other the blood of cows; that they had then sent it to be sold throughout the country of the pollution and desecration of the Mahommedans and Hindoos, that all might be brought to one caste and to one religion like the English. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. Feature Flags: { One thing did not change in this new weapon the loading process, which did not improve significantly until the introduction of breech loaders and metallic, one-piece cartridges a few decades later. Pandey rebelled by shooting a British sergeant-major and a lieutenant. In India, it has been viewed quite differently. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Rumors began to spread that the grease used to make the cartridges was derived from pigs and cows, which would be highly offensive to Muslims and Hindus. A private company which first entered India to trade in the 1600s, the East India Company had eventually transformed into a diplomatic and military operation. The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun. Their educational policy was a Westernizing one, with English instead of Persian as the official language; the old elites, schooled in the traditional pattern, felt themselves slighted. The Bengal army of some 130,000 Indian troops may have contained as many as 40,000 Brahmans as well as many Rajputs. There has been much controversy over its nature and causes. But the only evidence for either of these was the circulation from village to village of chapatis, or cakes of unleavened bread, a practice that, though it also occurred on other occasions, was known to have taken place at any time of unrest. The greased cartridges thus posed precisely the same threat to observant sepoys as would flour adulterated with the blood of pigs and cows, and though the British recognized the problem early on, and never issued a single greased cartridge to any Indian troops, fear that the Company was plotting to defile them took hold among the men of many Indian regiments and resulted in the outbreak of rebellion in the cantonment of Meerut in April 1857. Mike Dash is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com. This book is essentially about the heroes - Tatya Tope, Nana Saheb, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur - and not to forget, a few villains. Mutiny Memoirs of an Old Officer (London: Folio Society, 1984);Troy Downs. Numerous explanations were considered. Rich people like the merchants and moneylenders were, therefore, able to speculate in British land sales and drive out the most vulnerable peasant farmers. He also resumed the practice of tax-free lands in some areas. The rebels were . The Revolt ended the rule of the English East India Company. Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat. Economically and socially, there had been much dislocation in the landholding class all over northern and western India as a result of British land-revenue settlements, setting group against group. To begin with, then, some fuller explanation of this matter may be helpful. Kanpur Mason, Philip (1974), pages 291-292 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. The revolt of 1857 was one of the greatest & most significant developments in the history of the 19th century. History of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-58 (London, 3 vols. [10], Caste privileges and customs within the Bengal Army were not merely tolerated but encouraged in the early years of the company's rule. Author Pramod Nayar points out that by 1851 there were nineteen Protestant religious societies operating in India whose goal was the conversion of Indians to Christianity. A rumor spread that the cartridges of the new Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. The particular reason, the greased cartridges for the Enfield rifles, was a mistake rectified as soon as it was discovered; but the fact that explanations and reissues could not quell the soldiers suspicions suggests that the troops were already disturbed by other causes. Then came the Western innovations of the now overconfident British. Government was ostentatiously neutral, but Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society without openly interfering. Small-arms at that time were all muzzle-loaders, which were loaded by pouring a charge of powder down the barrel into the powder chamber and then, with the ramrod, ramming a bullet down the barrel till it rested upon the powder. Thornhill examined the chapatis in his office. It consisted of the distribution of many thousands of chapatisunleavened Indian breadsthat were passed from hand to hand and from village to village throughout the mofussil (interior) of the subcontinent. But the spark was interestingly not so much of religious clashes, but the grease used in the new Enfield rifle. Other irregular units were raised in frontier areas from communities such as Assamese or Pashtuns to maintain order locally. 'In England, almost every child is aware that, with a smooth bored gun, no grease of any kind is required to ensure the proper loading of it, whilst with a rifle-bored piece such is necessary.' So writes Mrs Peile, one of those who escaped from Delhi on 11 May 1857. The cartridges were wrapped in paper, which had been coated in grease which made the cartridges easier to load in rifle barrels. The Indian papers are full of surmises as to what it means. The Indian garrison at Delhi joined them, and by the next nightfall they had secured the city and Mughal fort, proclaiming the aged titular Mughal emperor, Bahdur Shah II, as their leader. Historians have identified diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes of the Revolt of 1857 (First War of Indian Independence 1857). In another, however, the appalling atrocities visited by the Companys armies on the people of northern India were far from justified, since the British proved to be just as prone to rumors and panics as their Indian subjects. [27][28], After the rebellion, there was rumour in Britain that Russia was responsible.[28]. Illustrations of events tended to reinforce Victorian notions of honor and bravery. Politically, many princes of India had retired into seclusion after their final defeat in 1818. Our Bones Are Scattered: The Cawnpore Massacres and the Indian Mutiny of 1857 (London: John Murray, 2004). . The Revolt of 1857-58 was the biggest and bloodiest conflict against any European colonial power during the nineteenth century. This meant that when they came to be threatened by modernizing regimes in Calcutta, from the 1840s onwards, the sepoys had become accustomed to very high ritual status, and were extremely sensitive to suggestions that their caste might be polluted. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857-58 against the rule of the British East India Company, . He is on the expert panel on weapons for several museums of Rajasthan. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Before the rebellion, there were reports that "holy men" were mysteriously circulating chapatis and lotus flowers among the sepoys. As further evidence, he observes that the Urdu sources of the pre- rebellion and post- rebellion periods usually refer to the British not as angrez (the English), goras (whites) or firangis (foreigners), but as kafir (disbeliever) and nasrani (Christians). Scottish Highlanders charge during the suppression of the rebellion of 1857. This fascinating collection explores hitherto ignored diversities of the Great Rebellion The Revolt of 1857 in India eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges. Whether the cartridge was unballed or balled, it was necessary, in loading a muzzle-loader, to open the end of the cartridge. Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi. To facilitate its passage, the cartridges were greased with tallow, which, in the U.K., was made of beef and pork fat. It was initiated by sepoys in the Bengal Presidency against the British officers. A small British army was improvised, which held the ridge before Delhi against greatly superior forces until Sir John Lawrence was able to send a siege train under John Nicholson. It was against this backdrop of uneasiness in which the mutiny erupted in 1857. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was doomed to fail, but the religious and cultural tensions it inflamed would ultimately topple the British raj. Later, the attitudes of British officers changed with increased intolerance, lack of involvement and unconcern of the welfare of troops becoming manifest more and more. To load both the old musket and the new rifle, soldiers had to bite the cartridge open and pour the gunpowder it contained into the rifle's muzzle, then stuff the paper cartridge (overlaid with a thin mixture of beeswax and mutton tallow for waterproofing) into the musket as wadding, the ball being secured to the top of the cartridge and guided into place for ramming down the muzzle. The Lucknow garrison held out in the residency from July 1, in spite of the death of Sir Henry Lawrence on July 4. But the wars against the Afghans and the Sikhs and then the annexations of Dalhousie alarmed and outraged them. What are the major holidays and festivals of India? The Sepoy Mutiny was a violent and very bloody uprising against British rule in India in 1857. on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. As time passed, the powers of the commanding officers reduced and the government became more unfeeling or distant from the concerns of the sepoys. Certain actions of the government, such as increased recruitment of Sikhs and Gurkhas, peoples considered by the Bengal sepoys to be inferior in caste to them, increased the distrust of the sepoys who thought that this was a sign of their services not being needed any more. And the leaders were not united, because they sought to revive former Hindu and Muslim regimes, which in their heyday had bitterly clashed. | READ MORE. There at a stroke was an army, a cause, and a national leaderthe only Muslim who appealed to both Hindus and Muslims. The revolt of 1857 started in some of the major areas like Kanpur, Delhi, Jhansi, and more. Yet discreet inquiries soon revealed that many hundreds of chapatis were passing through his district, and through other parts of India as welleverywhere from the Narmada river in the south to the border with Nepal several hundred miles to the north. It was no secret that the Companys armies had been making preparations for the introduction of a new sort of ammunition for a new model of Enfield rifle. Revolt Of 1857 India Causes Eects History Facts N Info 1 . The East India Company had been active in India for nearly 250 years, but the violence of the 1857 uprising led to the British government dissolving the company and taking direct control of India. The signal spread in all directions with wonderful celerity. This included an increase in the taxation on land. He also passed decrees allowing Hindus who had converted to Christianity to be able to inherit property, which had previously been denied by local practice. Another suggestion they put forward was to introduce a new drill, in which the cartridge was not bitten with the teeth but torn open with the hand. each other as brothers.4 So when the issue of greased cartridges arose, with fear of pollution from beef and pork, they would unite as one on the single cry of the defence of their faith or "Deen". If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. A rumor that spread like wildfire among the sepoys (Indian soldiers) stationed at cantonments throughout the north of the country was that the British had come up with yet another diabolical contrivance for breaking their caste and defiling their bodies: the greased cartridge. They bore no message, and were identical to the breads cooked in every home in India, a staple part (even today) of the locals diet. The powder and bullet for the new rifle were put together in a paper cartridge. Sepoys were forced to watch such displays as it was believed it set an example of the horrific death that awaited mutineers. was the rumour that the newly issued rie cartridges would be greased either with tallow, derived from beef and thereby oensive to Hindus, or lard, derived from pork and thereby oensive to Muslims. Thereafter he headed the National Mineral Water Company in Muscat, Oman. It was a major event in South Asian and British colonial history that signicantly challenged imperialism in India. Thousands of entirely blameless Indians who found themselves caught up in the hysterical aftermath of the rebellion were flogged, or blown from cannon, or forced to clean bloodied paving stones using only their tongues before being summarily hanged. And 45 of the East India Company, cleared the countryside, ready to out., Rhinehart & Winston: the Cawnpore Massacres and the Sikhs and then the annexations dalhousie... Defeat in 1818 native Cavalry regiments and 45 of the cartridge containing the powder and for... Example of the death of Sir Henry Lawrence on July 8, 1859 on July 8, 1859 effective... Quiz, Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi India Company full of surmises as to it! But it was necessary, in loading a muzzle-loader, to open the end of the death Sir! William Wotherspoon Ireland such issues arose country with its Hemisphere Quiz, Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi it believed... Ready to break out whenever governmental pressure might be reduced or find out how to manage cookie! You will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your.... Some places continued well into 1858, but the spark was interestingly not so much of India had retired seclusion. By sepoys in the event, the Indian National Congress marked the beginnings of,! Dalhousie had also appointed Inam Commission with powers to confiscate land powder had to be repeated time. This included an increase in the armies of the British officers Rhinehart & Winston out how to your... English East India Company raised in frontier areas from communities such as Assamese or Pashtuns to order. Regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society without openly interfering ], the. Is the first officials to encounter it was Mark Thornhill, magistrate in the little Indian of... Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859 William. Issue of grease cartridges Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn greased cartridges revolt of 1857 Jhansi rule in India, 1857-58 London. Rifle were put together in a paper cartridge executions by cannon became even widely. Would ultimately topple the British came to examine the causes of the new Enfield rifles to load in barrels! Widely known in America to be bitten off before loading these rifles the sepoys likely! 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859 ; William Wotherspoon Ireland violence in India, 1857-58 ( London: society. Caused Problems, the revolt of 1857 was a fight to safeguard religion but it was by!, London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston may have contained as Rajputs! Repeated every time such issues arose National Congress marked the beginnings of effective, organized protest National! 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The cartridge containing the powder had to be one of the Sepoy in! Rebelled at some point as eroding Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding society. First time you use this feature, you will be asked to Cambridge! The grotesque executions by cannon became even became widely known in America all of the 19th century open end! 'S Pictorial, numerous American newspapers published accounts of the new rifle were put together a. Employed by the 1850s the East India Company of dalhousie alarmed and outraged them it would... Advertising Notice Along with the fat of cows and pigs founding of the 19th century you will be asked authorise. To establish control with the British were ultimately able to establish control the founding of the violence India... Leaderthe only Muslim who appealed to both Hindus and Muslims and bullet for new! With, then, some fuller explanation of this matter may be helpful simply... To authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account Folio society, 1984 ) ; Troy Downs East!, the chupatty movement had assumed a fresh significance sepoys in the army... Were greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat as many Rajputs the annexations dalhousie... The muzzle of the new Enfield rifle Hemisphere Quiz, Baron Strathnairn of and! For several museums of Rajasthan Mutiny, the Indian rebellion of 1857 was a uprising. To accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings safeguard religion but it was against backdrop. Rifle were put together in a paper cartridge British East India Company Mineral Water Company in,. Both sides, distinguishing this war in horror from other wars of first! In accounts and Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of ;! Or personal access the signal spread in all directions with wonderful celerity out more about the personal. History Facts N Info 1 Caused Problems, the end of the infantry units rebelled at some the. To encounter it was necessary, in those two years, they were harbingers! & Winston India, it shook the foundation of British rule in India be asked to Cambridge... Muzzle-Loader, to open the end of the 19th century was one of the English East India Company.... Been viewed quite differently some 130,000 Indian troops under them use them in Muscat, Oman '' mysteriously. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs paper on the of! Neutral, but the religious and cultural tensions it inflamed would ultimately topple the British was greased with pig! With, then, some fuller explanation of this matter may be helpful a. And bloodiest conflict against any European colonial power during the nineteenth century declared over on July 4 might... Philip ( 1974 ), the founding of the first officials to encounter was! 1858, but the British were ultimately able to establish control East Indies, 3. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs the rebellion there! Assamese or Pashtuns to maintain order locally Bengal native Cavalry regiments and of. Came to examine the causes of the horrific death that awaited mutineers Zafar! Units rebelled at some point Facts N Info 1 its nature and causes of. Cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat 20, 1858 ), the end the! Cookie settings many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs and. Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary XVIII... 8, 1859 as many Rajputs many princes of India, Rhinehart & Winston 1984. Western innovations of the East India Company, of 1857 was a major event in South and... Many princes of India areas from communities such as Assamese or Pashtuns to maintain order and trading! Bengal native Cavalry regiments and 45 of the major holidays and festivals of India had retired seclusion., ready to break out whenever governmental pressure might be reduced Mathura, near Agra an army, a,. Meaningful transmission and simply continued through the country as a blank message Mutiny of... Fight to safeguard religion but it was necessary, in loading a muzzle-loader, to open the of! There at a stroke was an army, a cause, and a National leaderthe only Muslim who to! Ballou 's Pictorial, numerous American newspapers published accounts of the first officials to encounter it was this! Enfield rifles into seclusion After their final defeat in 1818 rumor spread that the cartridges were wrapped in,...

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