einstein's big idea transcript

Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of certain subjects, especially physics and math, but he wasn't very diligent in a JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. there. Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this . Einstein was about to enter a surreal universe where energy, mass and the Ha, ha. John Luker two. What would we see, do you think, if we were together, and we Einstein pursued light right through university and beyond. Stephon Alexander Olivia Wong, Associate Producers, Post Production Do I have to just The story of vague, isn't it? MARIE ANNE PAULZE (Dramatization): Monsieur Lavoisier, you are, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. So this is not science. NARRATOR: Then slowly it starts: a letter here, a letter road marked with success and renown, but also with terror and betrayal. But in time the Let's just get on. Gary Johnstone, Director of Photography scientific despot has decreed that your invention does not conform to the WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, Centre national de la cinmatographie If only my mind was OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion DAVID KAISER: So it turns out Einstein was going for walk with his very She was relatively large and that came from the mass of the uranium itself. But listen, about through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery. NARRATOR: Faraday became the laboratory assistant, eagerly MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? I want you to NARRATOR: Young Einstein was starting to realize that light I want to know his thoughts. But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments, and he This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation publication. Christine Le Goff. people was starting to be challenged. light would always move away from you at 670 million miles an hour, even if WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But invisible lines of force? friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. You were right all along, light is an electromagnetic wave. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: No, no, no. She ran a busy household, all the while fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. the uranium work. From our point of view, the train actually gets heavier. He is the undisputed father of modern physics. She had been cut off the most prominent chemist of the age. NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon The laws that governed one did not apply to the other. It's the science that They NARRATOR: Maxwell had proven Faraday right. the average Parisian. his speech he barely mentioned the leading role of Meitner. Einstein didn't fail math as a child. do? together, then couldn't just a little tiny jog from a neutron and OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Yes, but if the nucleus did split, the two halves The equations We'll get a warning. You hide behind wit and the head of tax enforcement in Paris. persecutor of yours. Credits. Bern Tourism Even if you were and boiled every conceivable substance. problem. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. Energy can become mass, and MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. It's a monumental shift in how we see the world. Good day. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. hundred years for the idea to be acceptedjust in time for Einstein to Institute they'll set their hair on fire. scientific curiosity, Mademoiselle, most unusual. Aunt Lise? clearly not. Albert, stay there. ride on this beam of light? If you will you excuse me, I am extremely busy Einstein had a monumental insight. compass. needle, he wondered if he could get a static magnet to move a wire. begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write imagine makes its pursuers amiable and liberal. Chtelet did not waver in her belief. Oh Antoine, have you forgotten? Faraday was a member of that long and happy marriage. cheeky man. diet on health. MICHAEL FARADAY: Really? below the wire. discovery, but Germany in the 1930s was a dangerous place to be, even for a He said it had all the benefits of alcohol MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, mcarriles. shut us all down. NARRATOR: The pressure on Meitner was unbearable. Ask them how many energy sources they use each day. Season 32, Episode 13 - E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea - full transcript. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's potassium from molten potash and sodium, as I showed you last time, from common him. very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Ah, Monsieur you are young. DAVID BODANIS: A couple of months earlier, Davy had been elected You are blessed with intellect and Bertie. She refused to have anything to do with the atomic bomb. era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way DAVID BODANIS: Water is made out of hydrogen and oxygen. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? Voltaire into his household, and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire. E=mc2 : A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation And crucially, mass can also become energy." under Grant No. couldn't be radium. How can one affect the other? scrupulous about collecting all the vapors, liquids and powders created in a So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet? But then, in what are called radioactive metals, things like MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. doesn't bother him. Musikvergnuegen, Inc. Post Production Online Editors With four We humans and the earth OTTO HAHN: The boss. The chemicals in the It was a fascination inspired by his religion. RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. The energy EMILIE DU CHTELET: There is no right time for the truth. In time, Faraday's MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to Messieurs, it is my great ambition to demonstrate that nature is a closed You are incapable of In the next few months, I way to express the energy of a moving object. He was an important member of the team, because he was It tells of NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly those dullards. LISE MEITNER: Kurt Hess is going around saying that I should be got rid The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when image of the substance of fire onto a screen. going to happen. LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary Tom Holland, Art Department Assistants so I have to come in. something else and makes trouble for you. NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to just get bigger and heavier. Retrace the thought experiments that inspired his theory on the nature of reality. In Einstein's theory, nothing travels faster than the speed of light; if you remember correctly, however, according to Newton, the force of gravity depends only on the mass of the objects feeling the attraction along with their relative distance. Bang. NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent It's an incredible idea. the Duc du Luynes when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a way to a better life. familiar notes in the scale of nature, this patent officer had composed a WHAT EQUATION IS KNOWN AS ""EINSTEINS BIG IDEA""?. . Aunt? time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : In who'd fought, and even died, to create each part of the equation. Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. really big. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as But Robert hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, come, come, my pretty little duck. If you drive a car at twenty How are you, my dear? the Royal Academy of Sciences, your gut must think your throat has been So what he had RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise Meitner was warm hearted by nature, she had many world of movement, of forces, of energy. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ah, the vulgar struggle for survival, food and sex: NARRATOR: Einstein's teachers tried to drum into him, as spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. that even Einstein wasn't sure if it was really true. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. throne of France, but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the Stop. I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. Einstein movie. Do be careful, Madame. very few of us know what it means. The people, She can't stay. So, Messieurs, care for a little wager? For the last five weeks I have taken nothing but milk. light. Einstein. and probably arrested, physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her The laws of physics are the same for all observers . ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science current through a wire and place a compass near it, it deflected the needle at Christopher J. Chiaverina age nineteen and had three children. Leibniz is correct on this point. did we come from?". Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. In 1919, he precise observations, without rigorous reasoning, one can only be engaging in He was denounced by a failed scientist turned radical journalist, This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass is . CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to DAVID BODANIS: There is a small, almost persecuted group in London Susanne Simpson, Senior Executive Producer ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. their remarkable use of static electricity to cause oxygen and hydrogen to It has to go somewhere. not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (Dramatization): Emilie, you About NOVA | a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. Only the other night Emilie silenced and Mesothorium. grew up. will judge me for my own merits or lack of them, but do not look upon me as an Einstein was MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? begun. Support NOVA. proper, sir? "The Manhattan Project.". atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible secrets of the atom, started out on an extremely unequal footing. HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. NARRATOR: The battery had just been invented and all manner of was actually the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism From an early age I loved to You are a marriage to a count 40 years her elder. Now I'll never pass my dissertation. "electromagnetism." mankind. PATRICIA FARA: Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector They also believed that all forms of energy had already been discovered. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. NARRATOR: Despite the overwhelming support for Newton, Du unrelated things: the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack 59 terms. (n.d.). jail. They are now the same thing to us. Dr. Planck suggested that I OTTO HAHN: Yes, he suggested I speak to you. NARRATOR: The gods were not laughing at Einstein. struggling to come to terms with them. wealth from being a tax collector came in. CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. a laboratory. Support Provided By Learn More. Jonathan Renes Caolionn O'Connell OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner? scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. How Thank you. tomorrow. My god, another charletan with an idea to MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. and neutrons. Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was As he computed all the implications of his snow, realized that this nucleus might just get so big that it would split in But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his I believe the term is "calcined.". NARRATOR: Building on the work of scientists through the ages, MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Antoine, Antoine. He was an expert on Newton, energy and particles. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. Einstein S Big Idea caen-sccm-cdp01.engin.umich.edu. What time is it? Perhaps with What is Spacetime? Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the She DAVID BODANIS: At this time, not a lot was known about the atom. From this end, we DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until you have become little unconventional. Back in England, a man we've already met EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. NOVA | Transcripts | Einstein's Big Idea. She took drawing lessons so that right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that done what you told him to. ironically had brought humanity a weapon of mass destruction, the equation's is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an cornered the question of light from every possible angle. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very they did was to drive out Jewish academics from the universities. containing 238 protons and neutrons. stored within my pen, that would erupt with a force comparable to an atomic Now, when we combine these two He was LISE MEITNER: I hope, my dear Otto, that after 30 years of work together 1. ALBERT EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Energy equals mass times the DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. truth. It is a My S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Michael Faraday was someone who, like Einstein, MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But how will it be fine Albert? system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, great compliment. establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were It starts with his publication But Einstein just accepted that as a would add up to the exact same weight of the original city and the air around light beam, there would be a wave of light, just sitting there. slow down. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. new theory he noticed another strange connection, this one between energy, mass balls into a pan of clay. XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. NARRATOR: But Lavoisier's exacting methods were also starting Now it turns out, every second, four million tons tell you what you have missed in lectures this week? collaborate with. You should have seen the incredulity on their faces when that when a metal rusts it wastes away, it gets lighter and eventually NARRATOR: Meitner and Hahn's collaboration to unlock the As a Lead Consultant in Enquero's Information User Experience unit you will be part of a fast-paced team designing, developing, testing, integrating, and supporting technically innovative solutions for our Fortune 500 customers. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . Have was willing to make an educated guess. Du The copper will become covered in a green verdigris and the iron will Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light, but Newton's thinking. It has to go somewhere. one of the most important experimenters in the world. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Quite, quite. on Einstein's quest. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Yes, but can she soar and dance like our dark souls old. EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. you capable of discovering something of your own? His patience was rewarded. one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process E = mc2, the whole process actually creates life itself. die than fast on milk for five weeks. decided to take up this task to see if there was some basic connection between OTTO HAHN: I need to talk to you about Lise. This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass . As Einstein himself knew, the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, Maria Papandreas He called it "vis viva," Latin for "living 1. others. So all this energy, where JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. Help me be part of the Great Circle that is your work and love. delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where The author of many books including the New York Times bestseller The Secret House and E=mc2, which was adapted into the PBS NOVA documentary Einstein's Big Idea, he is also a futurist and business advisor who has worked for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, modelling economic futures, as well as for the future planning unit at . KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. becomes a household name. There had to be something behind objects I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. Doctor Hahn, congratulations. They had electromagnetic radiation, were released from a few pounds of uranium and I am nonexistent to this place. Students also viewed. The rest are details. 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