towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. I have this example for you. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. How? It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. This is a natural ecological restoration. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. Other types of land reclamation are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. Books > The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contact our London head office or media team here. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. ( See also city; urban planning .) For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. . It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Simplicity and transparency. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. You have entered an incorrect email address! The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. mangrove wetlands. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. 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