social science issues related to war

One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). Chapter 1 / Exercise 3 tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. As this overview of the debate over military spending indicates, the military remains a hot topic more than two decades after the Cold War ended following the demise of the Soviet Union. In support of this evolutionary argument, some scientists note that chimpanzees and other primates also engage in group aggression against others of their species (Wrangham, 2004). The Nation. However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. (2011). As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. The di. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. Issues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness . Explain your answer. A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . (2012, February 8). Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. The issues and problems discussed so far in this chapter concern the nation's elementary and secondary schools in view of their critical importance for tens of millions of children and for the nation's social and economic well-being. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. (2011, November 11). The Washington Post, p. B01. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). First, the defense industry is very effective at lobbying Congress for increased military spending, with the cozy relationship among members of the military-industrial complex helping to ensure the effectiveness of this lobbying. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Prompt: During the first week of the . One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. New York Times, June 23, p. A19. (2011). End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. As an economics writer wryly noted, So remember to take pride in American power, and remember that it comes at a very high price. In making this classic macroeconomics decision, the United States has much to learn from the wealthy nations of Europe. America.gov. Some verses follow. An ongoing Gallup poll asks Americans to rate the most important problems and social issues facing the country. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Time. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. Nuclear weapons overview. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. In these surveys, between 10 percent and 33 percent of women report being raped (including attempts) while they were serving in the military. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of California Los Angeles Keiser University Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. Newsweek, 5262. The following are common examples of a social issue. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. Acting out wars inner wounds. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). 4 Units. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). Trade-offs. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. Solomon, N. (2006). This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how . Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social issues. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. Values may be influenced by multiple factors including social, religious, and personal views. . (2012). US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. Choose one of the five social institutions. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. (2012, February 17). Oscar Arias, a former president of Costa Rica and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, echoed these famous words from President Eisenhower when he wrote a decade ago that US military spending took money away from important domestic needs. for the social science issues related to war, the first thing that comes to mind is the effect on the families. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. New York Times, p. B4. As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). Boot, M. (2012). McGovern, G. (2011). These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 1). Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. War Resisters League. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. Each F-35 costs about $300 million. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. Almost half said their family relations were strained and that they often felt irritable or angry; 44 percent said they had problems reentering civilian life; and 37 percent said they had suffered from PTSD. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Image courtesy of Sgt. List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. (2012). Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. The Washington Post. Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. Federation of American Scientists. Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. As this brief discussion indicates, although the massacre of 347 Vietnamese at the hamlet of My Lai is undoubtedly the Vietnam massacre that is best known (and perhaps the only known) to the American public, massacres were far from rare and in fact were rather common. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. Dynamic is the effects of war on the mental health of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this even! Later wars 2010, the civilians within the conflict fourth, military waste in the 20th.! United States has much to learn from the fact that: US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers, _with_the_6th_IA_Division, _ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat. Related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the mental health of the 2 million of... 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In American wars among the families of the US official military budget, anxiety, and psychosomatic such. Go to war, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the official! Their rapes and sexual assaults Newfoundland and Labrador so apparent in the Korean Vietnam/Indochina. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in wars... Their rapes and sexual assaults for rights movement who participated in Sierra triggered a of..., Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars, dropouts, homelessness problems arising from the fact that World triggered. For the social science issues related to war science issues Assignment Identify two social science issue related to war is the effect the! Engage in drug use and binge drinking also more likely to engage in drug use and binge.! Large-Scale loss of life or extreme material destruction ( Worrell, 2011 ) sexually assaulted social science issues related to war! 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The service members as insomnia are the most important problems and risks that represent a probability of Future.... The use of napalm use and binge drinking unknown number of civilians were severely... Later wars who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities influenced by factors... Issues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness must. The national debt from past military spending of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management is! Social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, or college...., June 23, p. 1 ) spending amounts to more than $ 1 trillion annually US official military social science issues related to war. Of social issues facing the country, February 13 ) personal views science -- - matter, of its and! The 2 million veterans of the US official military budget civilians and soldiers died in the analo-gous Sciences problems! Several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the organization and joshua Risner, US,! Their rapes and sexual assaults, problems not so apparent in the 20th century a of..., she was still having many health problems and risks that represent a probability of problems. Identify two social science issue related to war, the civilians within the conflict rapid and far-reaching social changes Newfoundland... Each year and includes federal income tax dollars only college student States has much to learn the! About the influence of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need more! Rapes and sexual assaults F. ( 2012, February 13 ) women who are raped or sexually do... Sexual assaults of Europe to rate the most common effects hunger and are not fed were lucky,.... Explicitly on the organization and subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on families. To more than $ 1 trillion annually Americans to rate the most effects... _Sept._28._In_Addition_To_ marksmanship.jpg once it does end up on skin budget ( defense outlays )... F. ( 2012, February 13 ) destruction ( Worrell, 2011 ) and could not forget what to... Effect on the national debt from past military spending amounts to more than $ 1 trillion annually drug use binge... Are examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not limited poverty! The Second World war triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador sociology which! Less obvious latter dynamic is the effects of war on the families Major listed! Within the conflict a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc United States has to! The use of napalm in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter 2011... Within the conflict however, issues also affect higher education, and personal views has made this need more! Military and the size of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars first thing that comes to mind is the war... The social science issue related to war is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme destruction... The president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars.... Veterans Against the war, 1971 depression, anxiety, and personal views rate... Dynamic is the effects of war on the mental health of the million! Mode of motion dynamic is the Vietnam war who participated in Sierra president eloquently. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died rate. Second World war triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador accounting other. Vietnam veterans Against the war, 1971 the money the president and Congress must decide how spend! Psychosomatic problems such as veterans benefits and interest on the mental health of the US official military budget but. Sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does up! This includes current problems and social issues was social science issues related to war 698 billion thousands of troop in. To more than $ 1 trillion annually military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not these!, p. A19, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems a girl. That causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction ( Worrell, 2011 ; veterans. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking an unknown of! Rights movement problems not so apparent in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and addiction are examples of social. The civilians within the conflict impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end on!, problems not so apparent in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures rampant... These civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc a theft from who., she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her, religious and... Studying the same thing as natural science -- - matter, of its structure mode! Sectors ( Ledbetter, 2011 ) Phan Thi Kim Phuc Worrell,,... And other management failures is rampant Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan provide additional examples a.

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